Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Piny ma pire tek pa tic mi kemikol maber
Nyamu lembe matuc pa piny ma nen ku wang
Kit gedo pa molecule ma ukoc
Kit pa THF uketho i iye cyclic ether ring ku oxygen atom, ma cwio kit ma pire tek ma e:
Polar Solvency: A dipole moment of 2.75 D weko hydrogen bonding ku polar molecules man solvating nonpolar compounds nikadhu kud i dipole interactions, ma weko ebedo ber pi diverse reaction systems.
Ring Reactivity: Ether ring timo acid-catalyzed ring-opening, ma konyo reactions calu alkylation man polymerization. Reactivity eni piretek pi yubu polymers calu polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Kite pa kum
Thermal Stability: Beiling at 66°C and freezed at -108.5°C, THF udong ubedo pii i rwom ma lac pa lyethu, maber pi timo piny ma lyeth man timo tic mi lyethu pio pio.
Kite mi tero: Viscosity ma nok (0.55 mPa·s) man tension ma malo (26.4 mN/m) medo kero pare mi lwoko pii, ma pire tek pi yweyu man tic mi lwoko.
Lembe mi gwoko kwo: Ecopu lyel matek (kabedo mi lyethu -17.2°C) man eketho piny ma nyai ku yamu (1.8–12.4% vol), ma mitu yore matek mi juku mac.
Tic ma pire tek ikind ju ma timo tic
Polymer ku Resin ma juyubu
Polyurethane (PU) Synthesis:
PTMEG Production: THF ubedo piny ma pire tek ma jutiyo kudu pi yubu polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), piny ma pire tek i spandex fibers man thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Ma kadhu 90% pa THF mi ng'om zoo jutiyu kudu i dul eni, ku ton acel acel pa spandex mitu ~0.8 tons pa THF.
PU Adhesives: Juyike ku DMF, THF cwio adhesives ma nyap pio pio, ma tek mandha pi wara man ot mutukari, ma mio 35% pa piny ma nyap man 40% ma nyap nyap uloyu DMF.
Epoxy man Synthetic Resins:
Calu co-solvent in epoxy formulations, THF medo rwom pa rwom man jwigo viscosity, ma weko tic maber pa coating i electronics man aerospace.
Chemistry ma kwo man ma pire tek
Grignard dwoko:
THF ketho organometallic intermediates (e.g., RMgX) bedo maber nikadhu kud i tic ku magnesium ions, ma medo rwom pa tic ku 15-20% ka juporo ku diethyl ether. Lapor: I ibuprofen synthesis, THF-based Grignard steps nwangu ≥99.5% maleng ku ≤0.3% byproducts.
Lithium Battery Electrolytes:
THF medo kero pa lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆)-based electrolytes (≥10 mS/cm), medo kwo pa cycle ni 1,000 times (capacity retention ≥85%) in lithium metal batteries.
Teknoloji ma malo man tic ma pire tek
Semiconductor Cleaning: THF kwanyu photoresist residues in microelectronics manufacturing, ma kelo metal ion contamination ≤10 ppb pi sub-14 nm processes.
Pharmaceutical Crystallization: Jutiyo kudu pi dwoko yath ma jwigo two man steroids, THF-water systems mio crystals marom (50-200 μm) ku leng pa ≥99.9%.
Kwalu piny ma wok kud i ngom: Eketho piny ma mako lipophilic (e.g., CBD, paclitaxel) ku leng pa 25% ma malu uloyu nonpolar solvents, man edwoko piny lyethu pa lyethu nikadhu kud i tic ma piny.
Lembe ma pire tek
| Nying piny | Propionic Acid | |||||||||
| Formula pa kemikol | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Pek pa molecule | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Lanyuth | Piny ma nen maleng ma rangi ope | |||||||||
| Kabedo mi lyethu | -20.8°C | |||||||||
| Kabedo mi lyel | 141.1°C | |||||||||
| Pek | 0.993 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Ketho | Jutiyo kudu i plastik, yath, cam, jamb tedu man moo | |||||||||
Karatasi mi gwoko ber pa piny
| Nying piny | Propionic Acid | ||||||
| JAMI | STANDARD VALUE(%) | TEST VALUE(%) | |||||
| Propionic Acid Content, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Pek(20/20°C) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Boiling Range/°C | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Evaporation residue, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Pi, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| oxidization mayot, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Calu mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Ajiki | Lub cik pa GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Lembe mi gwoko kwo man aloka loka mi tic
Peko mi yot kum man kabedu
Peko: Yweyo ma tek (>500 ppm) copo nyayu CNS depression; bedo i iye pi kare malac copo nyayu peko i tic pa adunde/adhi. Mitu piny ma gwoko yuyu (APF≥10) man gloves ma jugwoko ku kemikol.
Adwogi pa kabedu: Ecopo nyothre i ngom (kwo pare ≤5 ceng) ento rac ikum kwo mi pii (LC50 fish=110 mg/L). Pi ma cido ucikere ni kadhu kud i yub ma malu (COD≤50 mg/L) mapodi juwodho ngo.
Lagam pa cik man diro
Kite ma leng:
Tic (≥99%): Pi yubu piny, weko ≤0.5% pii/aldehydes.
Electronic (≥99.9%): Metal ions ≤1 ppb, SEMI C8-compliant for semiconductor use.
Yath (≥99.5%): FDA-approved, aldehydes ≤10 ppm pi yubu yath.
Lubu cik mi ng'om zoo:
EU REACH: Jukwero i kum piny ma mako cam (wotho ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), ma mitu yub pa yamu i ka tic.
Pirango ma wayero THF mwa?
Lengo ma rwinyo ngo: Lembe ma malu mi triple-distillation kelo THF ma leng pa 99.99%, ku ≤10 ppm moisture man ≤1 ppm aldehydes, ma ketho batch-to-batch bedo marom (variation ≤±0.02%).
Yore mi cobo peko: Kit ma juyubu kudu pi rwom pa pii (50-1000 ppm), kadhiri pa peroxide (≤10 ppm), man pH (5.0-7.0), calu low-peroxide THF pi yath ma pire tek.
Logistics ma lubo ber pa kwo: Ka gwoko piny ma juketho i iye nitrogen man yore mi tero piny ma copo wango ngo weko tic maber nicaku i kare ma juyubu nitundu i kare ma jucwalo.
Regulatory Agility: Lubu cik mi SEMI, ACS, man FDA, ma jukonyo ku MSDS ma juyike pi donjo i soko maber.
Tiyu karacelu pi ber pa kemikol
THF utiye ku rwom ma lageng pa solvency, reactivity, man process adaptability uketho ebedo piny ma pire tek i chemistry mi kare eni. Cik mwa ikum piny ma leng, ryeko manyen, man lubu cik miyo kero ni juruwil i plastik, jam tic, man yath ni kelo aloka loka maber. Yer THF mwa mi yabo rwom, tic maber, man bedo maber i tic moko ci.